First detection and molecular identification of Neospora caninum from naturally infected cattle and sheep in North Africa.

Neosporosis, caused by the protozoan Neospora caninum, is a major cause of reproductive failure in ruminants causing enormous economic losses. The objective of this study was to estimate the infection rate and molecular identification of N. caninum in Tunisian cattle and sheep. A total number of 348 meat samples were collected from 150 cows and 198 ewes slaughtered in the regional slaughterhouse of Béja (North-west Tunisia) and tested for the presence of N. caninum ITS1 gene using PCR followed by sequencing of some PCR products. A phylogenetic tree was then constructed to compare the partial sequences of the ITS1 gene with GenBank sequences. The overall molecular infection prevalence of N. caninum was significantly higher in cattle than in sheep (22 and 10.6%, respectively, p = .003). In sheep, the highest prevalence was observed in the northern Béja locality (31.2 ± 16.1), with the Noire de Thibar breed as the most infected sheep breed (31.7 ± 14.2%) (p < .001). In cattle, there were no differences in the molecular prevalence of N. caninum according to breeds and localities. The association between age and N. caninum molecular prevalence was statistically significant in both species; the highest prevalence was observed in sheep of more than one year of age (19.4 ± 9.1%), and in cattle between two and eight years of age (28.8 ± 10.9%). Comparison of the partial sequences of the ITS1 gene revealed 96%-100% similarity among our N. caninum amplicon and those deposited in GenBank. To our knowledge, this is the first detection and molecular identification of N. caninum in sheep and cattle in North Africa. This information is pertinent in designing control programmes that would reduce economic losses in the livestock industry.

First detection and molecular identification of Sarcocystis spp. in small ruminants in North-West Tunisia.

Sarcocystosis is a parasitic disease caused by varying Sarcocystis species infecting humans and animals. It is commonly found in small ruminants causing pathogenic effects. This contributes to detrimental economic loss for local farmers and the local economy due this disease. Although the distribution of Sarcocystis can be found all over the world, the species infecting small ruminants in Tunisia is still unknown. Through this study, we aim to estimate the molecular prevalence of natural infection with Sarcocystis spp. in sheep and goats using molecular identification. Also, phylogenetic analyses were used to identify the different species of this parasite infecting small ruminants in northern Tunisia for the first time. DNA was extracted from 198 and 121, sheep and goats meat samples, respectively. The molecular prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. in sheep and goats was 58.6% (116/198) and 50.4% (61/121), respectively. Compared to the Noire de Thibar and cross-breeds, the Barbarine sheep had the highest infection prevalence (63.4%) (p = .004). Five of the 116 positive samples were sequenced identifying Sarcocystis tenella from sheep. For goats, the sequencing results showed that five positive PCR products belonged to Sarcocystis capracanis species.